What the Outline Should Look Like
For
the subculture paper outline, you will use a proper heading and MLA 2009 format
and employ a topic outline, with short phrases
and citations.
The
parts of an outline are typically labeled using this order:
I. Main idea
A. Subtopic
1.
Detail of subtopic
2.
Another detail
a.
Related idea about the detail
b.
Another related idea
(1)
Supporting fact or related matter
(2)
Perhaps another supporting fact
(a)
Micro-detail
(b)
Another micro-detail
B. Second subtopic
1.
Detail of second subtopic
2.
Another detail
a.
Supporting information for this second detail
b.
Added supporting information related to second detail
In
general, you may find that you will have different amounts of details for some
topics and subtopics than for others. That is acceptable; just seek to keep
your descriptions in balance, not overemphasizing some topics at the expense of
others.
When
you have a part I, there should be at least a part II, and possibly a part III.
When
you have an A, there should also be at least a B, and so on. Usually no element
should occur singly; when one supporting point is listed, there should be at
least one more at that level.
Below
is a possible rough outline for the subculture paper:
Introduction
with thesis, then:
I.
Who or what is the subculture?
II.
What is the history/background?
III.
What are the core
beliefs/practices/ideals? What do they
do together? Subculture-specific
language/jargon/uniform/dress?
IV. What
do others think about them?
V.
What are current issues,
problems, or concerns that are affecting the subculture now?
VI.
How do social media and media come into play for this subculture? How are they represented/misrepresented in
the media? How do they use social media
for recruitment? What are the key
blogs/websites? How are they portrayed
in pop culture?
VII. What is the subculture’s presence on
campus? In Chico? Northern California?
Also keep in mind:
Who are the role models in this subculture? Famous members of this subculture? Former members?
(Eventually your conclusion…)
OUTLINE/GUIDELINES
FOR THE PAPER:
Make
sure your outline is VERY detailed - as if I have never heard of this
subculture before! Since you’ll be
writing about your own experience and understanding of this subculture, as well
as describing the culture from others’ perspectives, you need to use
both a first person and third person voice throughout the paper.
On the
outline you will include facts, data, details, and citations. Consider this a working draft, just without
the complete sentences.
Throughout
the outline/paper, include information from your
interview with your subculture informant, expert,
and/or scholar.
Here
are some more details you can use to structure your paper:
III. Core Beliefs/Practices/Ideals:
·
Describe some of the worldviews,
beliefs, values, attitudes, etc. shared by members of this subculture. Consider whether they share a common way of
thinking, philosophy, ideology, religion, etc. (e.g. superstitions,
discrimination, common goals…).
Cultural Rules:
·
Discuss several examples of this
group’s cultural rules, and possible unwritten rules (this might be harder to
uncover, as unwritten rules are those which people don’t readily
recognize).
·
Describe some of the status
differences that exist in this subculture, or examples of stratification.
·
Discuss any gender-related issues
present in this community.
Communication:
·
Consider whether this subculture
uses specialized terminology, codes, jargon or slang that is unique to this
group. If so, provide several examples
with a brief description of each.
Interesting
Links to Explore
(Keep in mind that not all of these fit the
requirements for the paper for this class.
We have different guidelines for the topic itself and we are using 2009
MLA.)
A
sample with great details on organizing a subculture paper:
Punk:
Prison:
Goths:
Rave culture in Lithuania:
Surfers:
Graffiti culture:
Rave-- Technoshamanism:
Sample outline starting on the next page:
Student
Bernard (make sure to have a running head/page numbers)
Linda
Rogers
ENGL
130I-Section ___
Outline
for Paper 2
27
Month 2013
BDSM, Not So Crazy After All
BDSM is a very taboo subject. Mainly
because of its content and people tend to associate it with violence. BDSM
stands for bondage, discipline/dominance, submission/sadism, masochism. It is a
type of sexual encounter that many people favor. However, BDSM is viewed in a
negative light and many people think that those who participate in this
activity have some type of psychological disorder. In reality, it is a way of
life that people identify with. This community is no more inclined to
psychological disorders than the general public.
Who or what is the BDSM subculture?
1.
According to
Pamela Connolly, an expert in sexuality, states that “BDSM is a collective term
that refers to erotic behaviors involving bondage and discipline, dominance and
submission, sadism and masochism, and/or slave and master relationships”
(Connolly 80).
2.
Their sexual
interests lie in this type of relationship.
3.
There is a
dominant partner and a submissive partner. These partners generally keep the
same roles, with about 4% that switch roles (Stiles 164).
4.
According to
Freeman, who works at University of California, Davis, “sadomasochism is a
sexually ‘minor’ practice, an erotic dialectic between two or more people, that
ostensibly focuses on the ritualized exchange of power” (35).
What is the history/background?
1.
BDSM can be
traced back to Ancient Greece.
2.
Marquis de Sade
wrote about S/M in his fictional writings during the 18th century in
France.
a.
According to
Sade, “S/M also shuttles (or plays at shuttling) between the modern time of the
French Revolution and the non- (or pre-+ modern time of the ancient régime”
(Freeman 35).
b.
Sade reinvented
sex during a revolutionary time.
What are the core
beliefs/practices/ideals? What do they
do together?
1.
BDSM is
practiced when both partners are consensual about the arrangements.
2.
There is
generally one dominant (Dom) and one submissive (Sub) partner in the
relationship.
3.
Each role is
often played by the same partner.
a.
Stiles found in
her study that only 4% of participants switched roles (164).
What do others think about them?
1.
This group is
largely misrepresented.
2.
There is much
stigma behind this subculture.
a.
“The stigma
results from cultural evaluations or labeling of BDSM as deviant” (Stiles 159).
b.
The general
public is not accepting or knowledgeable about this lifestyle.
c.
Many people see
it as an act of violence.
d.
It is also seen
as something that people with psychological disorders do, which is completely
false.
e.
Many people
associate BDSM as a result of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
f.
People also
think that being a part of this subculture is a result from childhood
abuse.
3.
This stigma
leads to secrecy and concealment of this lifestyle.
a.
Stigma is “an
attribute that is deeply discrediting to an individual” so many people go
through much struggle to try and conceal this part of their life from others
(Stiles 159).
b.
They do not wish
to feel the judgments that many people entail about this lifestyle, so they
hide it.
4.
Many people
think that BDSM is just about the dominant partner or feeling pain.
a.
It is about the
sexual activities that a person finds attractive.
i.
That includes
the way someone feels when they dominate another person, or the way a person
feels when they are dominated.
b.
Some people are
attracted to the idea of pushing their limits sexually and painfully, but they
enjoy the feelings of the actions and do not considerate as harmful.
What are current issues, problems, or concerns
that are affecting the subculture now?
1.
The current main
issues affecting the BDSM subculture are the general misunderstandings about
this lifestyle.
a.
Many people view
it as a result of past trauma, but it is really just a way of life that many
people prefer.
b.
They also see
people of this lifestyle of having psychological disorders, when in fact,
people of this subculture are no more subject to psychological disorders than
the general public (Connolly).
How do social media and media come into play
for this subculture?
1.
This subculture
has been in the media a lot more in the past couple of years.
2.
There have been
a few popular songs that talk about engaging in the BDSM lifestyle.
a.
Rihanna’s
“S&M” and Lady Gaga’s song “Teeth”.
3.
BDSM has also
been prevalent in literature.
a.
The first being
seen in Marquis de Sade’s novels in the mid-18th century.
b.
The most popular
and has been the center of much attention in the media recently is E L James’
series 50 Shades of
Grey.
i.
This series
depicts a BDSM relationship.
c.
The Story of O
by Pauline Réage is a central work in BDSM literature.
4.
BDSM also has a
very big following on the internet.
a.
There are many
social media websites and blogs that are devoted to the BDSM lifestyle.
b.
This is a place
where members of this community can talk and interact.
c.
They are also
able to meet other members of this community and find relationships this way.
d.
There is a huge
cyber-support system for this subculture.
i.
Reddit has a
very large BDSM community, as well as BlogSpot.
What is the subculture’s presence on
campus? In Chico? Northern California?
1.
There is a big
prevalence of the BDSM subculture in Northern California, specifically the Bay
Area and San Francisco.
2.
People are more
“out” about this lifestyle in areas that have higher queer populations and are
socially more accepting of taboos.
Also keep in mind: Who are the role models in this
subculture? Any famous members of this
subculture?
1.
The most famous
members of this subculture stem from E L James’ novels 50 Shades of Grey.
a.
This book was on
the New York Bestsellers list and has been a hot topic in the media because no
other bestsellers have been about a subject that is this racy.
b.
This book is how
many people know about the BDSM subculture.
c.
As a result,
BDSM is being more accepted by the general public because more people can
understand the practices and functioning of these types of relationships.
BDSM is a subculture that is taboo and
carries much stigma with it. In the past it was seen a sick way of sexual
affection. In reality, it is a lifestyle that many people choose because they
are sexually attracted to these types of sanctions. BDSM used to be a
psychological disorder, but it has been discovered that people who associate
with this lifestyle have the same amounts of psychological disorders as the
general public. More light is starting to be shed on this subculture and the
stigma is being lifted and the general public is warming to this topic.
Hopefully within the next few years people of the BDSM subculture will not have
to fear judgment for their lifestyle and will be accepted and not have to live
secret and concealing lives.
Works Cited
Browne,
Kath, and Jason Lim, and Gavin Brown. Geographies of
Sexualities: Theory, Practices, and Politics. Burlington:
Ashgate. 2007. Print.
Connolly,
Pamela. “Psychological Functioning of Bondage/Domination/Sado-Masochism (BDSM)
Practicioners.” Journal of Psychology & Human
Sexuality 18.1 (2006). 79-120. Web. 27 June 2013.
Freeman,
Elizabeth. “Turn the Beat Around: Sadomasochism, Temporality, History.” Differences:
A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. 19.1 (2008): 33-70.
Web. 27 June 2013.
Stiles,
Beverly, and Robert Clark. “BDSM: a Subcultural Analysis of Sacrifices and
Delights.” Deviant Behavior 32.2
(2011): 158-189. Web. 27 June 2013.
Stockwell,
Fawna, Diana Walker, and John Eshleman. “Measures of Implicit and Explicit
Attitudes Toward Mainstream and BDSM Sexual Terms Using the IRAP and
Questionnaire with BDSM/Fetish and Student Participants.” Psychological
Record
60.2 (2010): 307-324. Web. 27 June 2013.
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