Wednesday, 26 March 2014

Rhetorical Analysis of a Persuasive Text

Rhetorical Analysis of a Persuasive Text 
Assignment: Analyze a speech in order to identify and understand the various rhetorical moves it makes in order to persuade its audience. 
The purpose of this assignment is to draw your attention to the rhetorical aspects of the speech to understand how these aspects impact the message.  In your analysis, your focus will not be so much on the argument itself, but rather how the argument is conveyed and why the speaker chose the strategies that he or she did. 
Audience: Other humanities scholars interested in how persuasion works in speeches. 
Citation & Paper Format: MLA style
  • Some specifics: 12-point font, Times New Roman, 1-inch margins, and numbered pages;
Length: 5-7 pages, double-spaced 
Due Dates: 
Rhetorical Analysis Worksheet: Thursday, March 27 10pm
Outline:Sunday, March 30
Final Copy: April 6 (first 3 pages due April 2)
Focus: 
Your focus will be on the way a person attempts to persuade his or her audience, not so much on the merits of the argument itself.  Your goal is to analyze the rhetorical features of the speech and to examine why the speaker makes certain rhetorical moves in the speech.  You want to avoid making an argument based on whether you agree or disagree with the speech. 
You will need to consider who the intended audience is and how specific aspects of the speech are intended to affect or speak to that particular audience (or those audiences, as the case may be).
In order to perform this kind of analysis, you will need to provide detailed examples and thorough explanations of the points you are making.  These examples will come from direct textual support in the form of quotations, paraphrases, and summaries.  Where the sciences are interested primarily in what is said (the information itself), humanities scholars are also particularly interested in how information is being conveyed.  Since this is the case, you will want to examine, among other things, the specific language being used by the speaker. 

Placing the Speech Within a Larger Context
Depending on your speech, it may help you to place the speech within the larger context of its topic in order to better analyze the persuasive moves the speaker makes. 
  • For example: Say that you’re analyzing a politician’s speech about the war in Afghanistan.  It may be helpful for your analysis if you know that this politician once voted in a way that was contrary to the speech he is making now, because that may help you understand why the politician is highlighting or downplaying certain details related to that war and/or the situation around the previous voting.  What a speaker highlights and what a speaker downplays are among an array of potential rhetorical strategies that might be worth examining closely.  If the politician is a military veteran, or if the politician has a child who is in the war—these are details that might also be relevant to the rhetorical strategies used in the speech.
  • For another example: The date on which the speech is given might be important symbolically for the point that is being made.  If it’s a speech about gun control (pro or con), it would be important to know whether the date of the speech is the anniversary of a particularly violent shooting or the anniversary of a previous restrictive gun law, for instance.  Timing can be an important rhetorical strategy.
Placing the speech within a larger context like this may require some additional outside research from reasonably reliable sources (such as reliable news sources).
Structure:
Introduction
In your introduction, you should:
  • Explain the context of the speech, including identity of the speaker, where and to whom the speech is being made, and the date of the speech.  You should also explain the context in terms of relevant world events at the time the speech was given (you could mention this in your introduction, then go into more detail in the body of your paper).
  • Include a thesis statement that establishes the claim or argument that you are making about the persuasiveness of the speech.
    • Your thesis should not be concerned with whether you agree or disagree with the speech.  Rather, your thesis should focus on how persuasive the speech is or is not, based primarily on the rhetorical strategies used and how well they fit the rhetorical situation.
Body
In your analysis, you should:
  • Describe and analyze various aspects of the speech in keeping with the instructions listed above.  In writing your analysis, you should keep your central argument in mind, and make sure that the focus of your analysis is geared toward the argument you are making about the persuasiveness of the speech.
 Conclusion
In your conclusion, you need to:
  • Reflect a bit on what you have found.  There are various ways of doing this, but some general questions you could answer in a conclusion are: What has been learned, particularly about strategies for a persuasive speech?  What new questions are raised by this?  What does this mean in the bigger picture?
  • While you should in some way restate / rephrase your thesis in the conclusion, you should avoid simply repeating the points of your argument.  Restate / rephrase your thesis with an eye toward why your argument should matter, and build your conclusion around that.

Rhetorical Analysis Worksheet
WHAT the Author Does WHY the Author Does It
Author’s Thesis/Main Idea:

Why did the author choosethis thesis, or idea tostudy?



What is the author’s purpose? To persuade, inform, criticize? Something else?



Why does the author choose this purpose?What effect does it create?




Who is the author’s intended audience?

Is there a reason the author chose to write forthis particular audience?



How did the write arrange his or her ideas?Chronologically?






Did the arrangement of ideas, or way the authordeveloped them create some sort of an effect?What purpose does it serve? Whydid theauthor arrange his/her ideas this way?
What diction does the writer use? Informal orformal language? Technical vs. slang? Wordchoice, word arrangement, accuracy? Arecertain words repeated?

Why does the author use this type of diction?What effect does it create?






What sentence structure does the author employ? Are there fragments or run-ons? Arethe sentences imperative, declarative, exclamatory?

What effect does using this type of sentencestructure have?




Does the writer use dialogue or quotations?

Why does the author includedialogue/quotations?



Any other important rhetorical features or strategies you noticed?
Why were these used?






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